History simple points

1. Bishnoi Movement was the first environmental movement of India which was started by sage Sombaji around 1700 AD against deforestation.

2. The student’s scientific and historic society was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1848 as a discussion forum. This forum is considered as the beginning student movement in India.

3. Student Christian Movement of India (SCM) was started in 1912 against western colonialism with an aim to orient the students

with Christian Faith through social realities.

4. Dashauli Gram Swaraj Sangh (DGSS) under the leadership of Chandi Prasad Bhatt started a campaign at Gopeshwar for the jobs to the local men near their hometowns by setting up forest based small-scale industries in 1960.

5. Cyber activist student movement was started by the engineering students of NIIT Calicut against the monopoly of the Micro Soft corporations in the software industry. It is also known as ‘free software movement’. It was the creative resistance of the professional college students against globalization.

6. The beginning of Indian codified common law is traced back to 1726 when a Mayor’s Court in Madras, Bombay and Calcutta was established by the East India Company.

7. Warren Hasting established two courts for resolving disputes – civil disputes for District Diwani Adalat and criminal disputes for District Fauzdari Adalats.

8. The Government of India Act, 1935 changed the structure of the Indian Government from “unitary” to that of “federal” type. The distribution of powers between the Centre and the Provinces required the balance to avoid disputes, which would have arisen between

IMPORTANT HISTORY SHORT NOTES – PART 1

IMPORTANT HISTORY SHORT NOTES – PART 1

 

 

IMPORTANT HISTORY SHORT NOTES – PART 1

 

Ilbert Bill Controversy	.C.P.   Ilbert,   Law   Member,   introduced   a   bill   in   1884 to   abolish   this  discrimination in judiciary.  •According  to  the  system  of  law,  a  European  could  be   tried  only  by  a European Judge or a European Magistrate. •Lord  Ripon  wanted  to  remove  two  kinds  of  law  that  had  been  prevalent  in India.  •But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly.
Ariya Samajam	• The  Arya  Samaj  founded  by  Swami  Dayanand  Saraswathi at  Mumbai  in 1875. •His motto was “Back  to the Vedas”. •He  was  against  idol  worship,Child  Marriage  and  Caste  System  based  on birth.  He encouraged Intercaste marriage and widow marriage. •It has contributed very much to the spread of educa tion.
Swami Vivekananda	•The original name of Swami Vivekananda was Narendranath Dutta. • He became the most famous disciple of Shri Ramkrishna Paramahamsa.  •Swami Vivekananda participated at the Parliament of  Religionsheld in Chicago (USA) in September 1893 and raised the prestige of India and Hinduism very high.

 

Freedom struggle part 1

 Freedom struggle 

 1. ChauriChaura

The place in Uttar Pradesh, near Gorakhpur which came into news when a frenzied mob set fire to a police station killing 23 people inside. Gandhiji had given a call for non-cooperation movement in 1920. Since the movement was to be non-violent, Gandhiji was deeply hurt by the violence of the people and hastily called off the non-cooperation movement. The incident occurred on 04 Feb 1922.

2. Kakori

The place in Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh. The famous Kakori Train Dacoity took place on 09 Aug 1925. Revolutionaries led by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrasekhar Azad and others stopped a train carrying British government money. The train was looted of the treasury by the revolutionaries who needed the money to run the freedom struggle.

3. Chittagong

Located in present day Bangladesh, the place is well-known for Chittagong Armoury Raid. The raid was led by revolutionary Surya Sen. Surya Sen had organised a group of young revolutionaries and together they planned to lay a siege to police armouries in Chittagong. On 18 April 1930, Surya Sen alongwith his troop captured the police armoury, cut off telegraph lines and hoisted the National Flag.

4. Champaran

In the year 1917, Gandhiji began his active involvement in India's politics from this place in Bihar. At Champaran, the farmers were being forced to grow unremunerative indigo plant which yielded blue dye. Gandhiji was called upon by some activists to solve the problem of the cultivators. Gandhiji for the first time used the tool of non-violence. He toured the villages and compelled the government to pass the ChamparanAgraria Law in 1918.

5. Dandi

A small village on the coast of Gulf of Khambhat, Arabian Sea. The place shot to world fame when Gandhiji led the famous Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad on 12 March 1930. On the 24th day, i.e. 06 April 1930, Gandhiji reached Dandi and made salt as a protest against the tax imposed on salt by the British. The incident also marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Recently Time magazine listed the Salt Satyagraha in its list of Top 10 Most Influential Protests of all time.

6. Port Blair

The present capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair played an important role during the freedom struggle. Firstly, the British had constructed the huge Cellular Jail on the island. Indian prisoners, especially political ones, were sent to the jail, the punishment being popularly known as Kala Pani. SachindranathSanyal, the author of Bandi Jeevan, and VinayakDamodarSavarkar were such freedom fighters who were sent to the Cellular Jail. Secondly, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose hoisted the National Flag on 30 Dec 1943 and declared it to be the headquarters of the Provisional Government of India. The Airport at Port Blair is named Veer Savarkar International Airport.

7. Bardoli

In 1925, the taluka of Bardoli in Gujarat suffered from floods and famine, causing crop production to suffer and leaving farmers facing great financial troubles. However, the Government had raised the tax rate by 30% that year. The farmers protested in vain. SardarVallabhbhai Patel in consultation organised the Bardoli Satyagraha in which the farmers refused to pay the taxes despite the threat of confiscation of property. In the end the Government relented and enhanced taxes were withdrawn. Vallabhbhai Patel earned the title of Sardar from this Satyagraha.

8. Amritsar - Jallianwala

JallianwalaBagh in Amritsar, well known for the massacre of innocent and peaceful gathering of people who had gathered in the park for a public meeting. On 13 April 1919 (Baisakhi Day), a crowd of about 20,000 people had gathered in the small park, when troops surrounding the park were ordered by Brig Gen REH Dyer to open fire. The official figures put the casualty at 379, but unofficial figures have been much higher. Michael O'Dyer the Lt. Governor of Punjab was shot dead by Udham Singh 21 years later. In protest against the incident Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood bestowed upon him by the British in 1915.

Mahathma Gandhi history

Mahathma history 

1. Gandhiji was born on October 2 1869

2. Gandhiji went to South Africa to practice law in in 1893

3. Gandhiji's first Satyagraha experimented was  in South Africa 1906, September to protest against the Asiatic Ordinance issued against the Indians in Transval

4.  Gandhiji's first imprisonment in 1908 at Johannesberg in South Africa

5. Gandhiji was humiliated and ousted at Peter Marits Burg Railway Station in SouthAfrica

6. Gandhiji started Tolstoy Farm (SouthAfrica) in 1910

7.  Gandhiji started the Phoenix Settlement at Durban in South Africa

8. Gandhiji  started Indian opinion (1904)  a newspaper in SouthAfrica  

9.Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa  on 9th January 1915 observed  as 

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas

10. Gandhiji’s first satyagraha in India was for the right of Indigo workers in Champaran in 1917

11. Gandhiji’s first fast was In Ahmadabad 

12. Jallianwalabagh Massacre (1919) causes Gandhiji to abandoned his title Kaiser-I-Hind?

 13. Mahatma Gandhi started weeklies named Young India and Navjeevan 

14.  The only Congress session presided over by Gandhiji was at Belgaum in 1924

15. Mahatma Gandhi started All India HarijanSamaj in 1932

16.Gandhiji started the weekly Harijan in 1933

17.Winston Churchill called Gandhiji as “Half naked Seditious Fakir”

18.Mahatma Gandhi gave the name ‘Gurudev’ to Tagore

19.Tagore called Gandhiji as ‘Mahatma’

20.Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the political guru of Gandhiji 

21.Leo Tolstoy was considered as spiritual guru of Gandhiji

22.Gandhiji called Cripps's Mission (1942) as 'Post Dated Cheque'

23.Mahatma Gandhi gave Baba Amta the title 'Abhay Sadak' 

24.1915 - 1948 considered as 'Gandhian Era' in Indian Independence Freedom struggle 

25.January 30 ,1948 Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by NadhuramVinayakGodse

Important Events of Indian Freedom Struggle in India

Important Events of Indian Freedom Struggle in India

Important Events of Indian Freedom Struggle in India

	Important Events of Indian Freedom Struggle in India
Event   v  1806 Vellore Mutiny v  1809 East India Company signs the first Treaty of Amritsar with Ranjit Singh v  1814 "Atmiya Sabha" Established Later on known as "Prarthana Samaj"  By Raja Ram Mohan Roy v  1853 Started Post Service v  1853 First Railway established between Bombay and Thane v  1855 Santhal rebellion v  1857 Indian Rebellion of 1857 v  1867 "Prarthana Samaj" Established Earlier known as "Atmiya Sabha" v  1875 "Arya Samaj" Established v  1877 Delhi DurbarFirst time v  1885 Indian National CongressEstablished v  1899 "Mithra Mela"Established by V.D.Savarkar. v  1902 Anushilan Samiti, organized revolutionary association formed. v  1903 British Expedition to Tibet v  1903 Delhi DurbarSecond Time. v  1905 Partition of Bengal v  1906 Jugantarformed. v  1906 Muslim Leagueformed in Dacca. v  1908 Alipore bomb case v  1909 Morley-Minto Reforms v  1911 Cancellation of Partition of Bengal v  1911 Delhi DurbarThird Time v  1911 British government change capital city from Calcutta to Delhi. v  1912 Delhi conspiracy case v  1913 Gadar Partyformed. v  1914 Hindu–German Conspiracy v  1915 Ghadar conspiracy v  1915 Mahatma Gandhireturns to India. v  1916 Lucknow Pact v  1917 Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha v  1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre v  1919 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms v  1919 Rowlatt Actis passed v  1920 Non-cooperation movement Khilafat Movement v  1922 Chauri Chaura incident v  1924 Hindustan Socialist Republican Associationis formed v  1925 Kakori conspiracy v  1927 Simon Commission v  1928 Bardoli Satyagraha v  1929 Central Assembly Bombed by Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt. v  1929 Purna Swarajresolution. v  1930 Salt Satyagraha, the civil disobedience movement, begins with the Dandi march v  1930 Round Table Conferences (India)First v  1931 Gandhi–Irwin Pact v  1931 Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev Martyred v  1931 Round Table Conferences (India)Second v  1932 Poona Pact v  1932 Communal Award v  1932 Round Table Conferences (India)Third v  1935 Government of India Act 1935 v  1937 Indian provincial elections, 1937 v  1939 All India Forward BlocEstablished by Subhas Chandra Bose v  1940 Lahore Resolution v  1940 August offer 1940 v  1942 Quit India Movement v  1942 Cripps' mission v  1942 Indian National ArmyEstablished by Subhas Chandra Bose v  1943 Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind, the Provisional Government of Free India formed by Netaji. v  1944 Subhas Chandra Bose calls Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation. v  1945 Wavell Plan. Simla Conference. v  1946 Royal Indian Navy Mutiny v  1946 Cabinet Mission v  1946 Direct Action Day/Great Calcutta Killings v  1947 Indian Independence Act 1947by British Raj. v  1947 Partition of Indiaand Pakistan becomes an independent state on 14 August 1947.[16] v  1947 Freedom from British Raj. v  1947 Hundreds of thousands die in widespread communal bloodshed after partition. (to 1948) v  1948 Mahatma Gandhiassassinated by a right wing Hindu nationalist  Nathuram Godse. v  1948 War with Pakistanover disputed territory of Kashmir. v  1948 Telangana and other princely states integrated in Indian union v  1950 India became Republic.